System of ether wave control



Mar. ,6, 1923.

' 1,447,779. J. H. HAMMOND, In.

SYSTEM OF THR WAVE CONTROL.

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2 SHEETS-SHE h Mari 6, 1923'. r 1,447,779. J. H. HAMMOND, In.

SYSTEM OF ETHER WAVE CONTROL. ORIGINAL mm nsc.27. mo.

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nwmron 2016 W HIS A "OFF/EV Patented 6, 1923.

JOHN HAYS HAMMOND, JR., 015 GLOUCESTER, MASSACHUSETTS.

SYSTEM OF ETHER WAVE CONTROL.

Original application filed December 27, 1910, Serial No. 599,625. Renewed September 29, 1919, Serial No. 327,268. Patent No. 1,339,927, dated May 11, 1920. Divided and this application filed April 10, 1920, Serial No. 372,742. Renewed July 11, 1922. Serial No. 574,286.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN HAYS HAM- MOND, Jr., a citizen of the United States, residing at Gloucester, in the county of Essex, State of Massachusetts, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Systems of Ether-Wave Control, of which the following is a specification, this application being a division of my application Serial No. 599,625, filed December 27 1910, and patented May 11, 1920, No. 1,339,927.

Some of the objects of this invention are to provide an improved transmitting station for radiant energy; to provide an improved receiving station for radiant energy; to provide a transmitting station including means for continuously emitting electroradiant waves of constant amplitude at high frequency, and a device for increasing the amplitude of certain of said waves at will in response to and in accordance with sound waves in combination with a receiving station including a telephonic receiver responsive to said waves of increased amplitude, and a signaling device unresponsive to said waves of constant amplitude but responsive to said waves of increased amplitude; and to provide other improvements as will appear hereinafter.

In the accompanying drawings, Fig. 1 is a diagrammatic view of a sending station constructed in accordance with this invention; Fig. 2 is a diagrammatic view of a receiving station constructed in accordance with this invention; and Fig. 3 is a diagrammatic view of a modified form of receiving station constructed in accordance with this invention.

Referringto the drawings, one embodiment of this. invention includes a sending station comprising a high frequency current generator, or other sultable source of en ergy 1. This generator 1 is included in a primary circuit which comprises in series also a microphone 2 suitable for use with high tension currents, a non-inductive re sistance 3, an inductance 4 and an are 5. In a circuit shunted across the are 5 is a suitable condenser 6 and the primary 7 of a transformer whose secondary 8 is connected with the aerial 9, whereby rapidly oscillating undampened waves may be emitted.

The receiving station is likewise provided with a suitable aerial 10, and with a coil 11 which is connected in series with a rectify ing detector 12. Shunted across said detector is a telephone receiver 14 and a vibrating relay 15, adapted to be cut in or out of circuit by means of a suitable switch 16. A local circuit including a suitable source of energy as the battery 17 is normally closed through a suitable contact device 18 such as a platinum point attached to the diaphragm of said vibrating relay. In this circuit is included, furthermore, a relay 19, such as the well known Morse relay, in circuit with the battery 17, and a condenser I 20 is shunted across said circuit. The relay 19 has its armature 21 normally attracted and controls a normally open second local or operating circuit, comprising a suitable source of energy as the battery 22 and also suitable apparatus 23 responsive to the current flowing in the operating circuit when the same is closed upon the release of the armature 21 of the relay 19. The apparatus 23 is shown as an electric alarm bell for the sake of simplicity; but it is understood that other electrically controlled apparatus may be substituted for the said bell 23, and may be in turn employed to control or operate other electrical or mechanical apparatus.

Figure 3 designates another form of receiving station, embodying a diiferent kind of vibrating relay and contact device. In this construction the vibrating relay 15 is replaced by a similar device 24, which differs from that first described in that it has attached to its diaphragm a rod 25 of any suitable material. The end of this rod projects into the spout 26 of a mercury reservoir 27 in such a manner as to leave the spout normally open and to close the passage and to interrupt the flow of mercury through the spout only when the diaphragm of the relay 24 and the rod 25 vibrates. The falling stream of mercury 28 impinges against a metal plate 29, and then flows into a receptacle 30 from which it is pumped back into the mercury reservoir 27 by a pump 31. The terminals of a local circuit are respec tively connected to the mercury in the mercury reservoir 27 and to the metal plate 29. This local circuit includes also a suitable source of energy 17, a condenser 20 in shunt circuit, and a relay 19, thearmature 21 of which, when released, closes a second normally open local circuit and actuates a bell 23 or other suitable devicepas before described.

In the operation of this system when the human voice or other sound producing means actuates the diaphragm of the microphone 2, located at the sending station, there will be acorresponding change in certain characteristics of the oscillatory waves propzv gated from the aerial of the sending sta tion. These oscillatory waves are received by the aerial 10 of the receiving station. So

long; as the microphone 2 is at rest the train of waves emitted from the aerial 9 will be of a constant and undampened character; and. .because of their high frequency of oscillation, the currents induced by them pass: through the rectifying detector 12 in a series of rapid impulses of uniforn'i direction. and intensity.

Owing to the inertia of the diaphragms of the telephone receivers 1s and the relays 15 and 245, these extremely rapid impulses of rectified current do not cause any appreciable vibration of the diaphragms, and consequently nosound will be heard in the telephone receivers 14:. lVhile the eiiect of these extremely rapid and weak impulses upon the diaphragms oi. the relays 15 and 2% may be substantially the same as that which would be produced by a practically steady but slight pull upon these diaphragms, this effect is not suiiicient to open the contact device 18 of the relay 15 oi Fig. 2, and has no tendency to close the spout 26 of Fig. 3. But when the diaphragm of the microphone 2 is actuated by sound waves, such for instance as by the sound waves oi? the human voice, variations in accordance with the sound waves are produced in the amplitude or intensity oi the oscillations transmitted by the sending station and these cause corresponding variations in the amplitude or intensity of the resultant impulses which act upon the diaphragms of the receiving station and consequently these diaphragms are vibrated in accordance with the'sound waves thus transmitted from the sending station and corresponding sounds maybe heard in the receiving telephones 14'. This'vibrat'ionoi the diaphragm of the relay 15 of the system shown in Fig. 2 causes a rapid and repeated opening and closing of the contact device 18 and a cor-v responding rapid andrepeated opening and 10 of the circuit through the battery 17 which causes the release of the armature 21 of th relay19'and a consequent closing of the circuit through the battery 22 and electric bell 23' or other device.

When the receiving system shown in Fig. 3=is used' in connection with the transmissio' system shown in Fig. 1, the operation is similar to that just described in connection with"'Fig. 2; When the" microphone 2 is atrest'; -th diaphra m of the relay 24 is acted upon ashereinbefore described, by a seriesof rapid weak impulses of uniform direction, but on account of the weakness and high frequency of these impulses and the inertia of the diaphragm, the diaphragm is practically unaffected and is permitted to remain in such a position as to leave the outlet through the spout- 26 normally open, thus. permitting a steady stream of mercury to flow downwardly through" the spout and to impinge against the inclined metal plate 29, thus maintaining the circuit through the battery 17 normally closed. But when the microphone 2 is acted upon" by sound'waves, the amplitude or intensity of the electro radiant oscillations emitted by the aerial 9 is varied in accordance with the sound waves and the amplitude of the impulses received and acting upon the diaphragm of the relay 2% of the receiving station is accordingly varied and thus causes the diaphragm to vibrate and to vibrate the rod 25 which then alternately closes and opens.

the passage through the spout 26 of the mercury reservoir, and-alternately closes and opens the passage through the spout. The stream of mercury 28, which normally flows without interruption, is thus broken into a series of drops by the vibrations of the rod 25. t The result is that the first local circuit is broken, with theresult that the sec ond local circuit is closed and the bell or other mechanism is operated, as before described.

It will be understood that many changes and modifications within the knowledge of: those skilled in the art may be made in the application of the system and improvements herein disclosed. It is obvious of course that any other form of electrically controlled mechanism ,may be substituted for the said electric bell, and that by employing suitable] apparatus any number of mechanical movements may be controlled as desired, through the agency of sound-waves and at any desired distance from the sending station. I

Having thus fully described my invention, I claim:

1;, The combination with a transmitting station for continuously emitting waves of constantamplitude and a device for increasing the amplitude of certain of the waves at will, of a receiving' s'tation including a local circuit, circuitcontrolling meansther'e for unresponsive to currents set ap' by said aves of constant amplitude but responsive to currents set up by s'a'id'w'aves'of increased amplitude, and signaling mechanism controlled by said circuit. r

2.jThe combination with a transmitting station for continuously emitting waves of constant amplitude and a telephbnic'device for iner'ea singyihe' amplitude "of certain of the WQLVGsh-ttvillid response and in" so cordance with audible sound Waves, of a receiving station including a local circuit, circuit controlling means therefor unresponsive to currents set up by said Waves of constant amplitude but responsive to currents set up by said Waves of increased am plitude, and Signaling mechanism controlled by said Circuit.

3. The combination with a transmittingstation for continuously emitting Waves of constant amplitude, and a device for increasing the amplitude of certain of the waves at will in response to and in accordance with sound Waves, of a receiving station includ ing a local circuit, circuit controlling means therefor unresponsive to currents set up by said Waves of constant amplitude but responsive to currents set up by said Waves of increased amplitude, and signaling mechanism controlled by said circuit.

l. The combination. with a transmitting station for continuously emitting Waves of constant amplitude, and a device for increasing the amplitud of certain of said Waves at will in response to and in accordance with sound waves, of a receiving station including a local circuit, circuit controlling means therefor including a relay having a vibratory diaphragm unresponsive to currents set up by said Waves of constant amplitude but responsive to currents set up by Waves of increased amplitude, and signaling mechanism controlled by said circuit.

5. The combination with a transmitting station for continuously emitting Waves of constant amplitude, and a telephonic device for increasing the amplitude of certain of the waves at will in response to and in accordance with sound Waves, of a receiving station including a local circuit, a source of electrical energy arranged to energize said local circuit, and circuit controlling means for said local circuit including .a vibratory relay having a vibratory diaphragm normally closing said local circuit, and a sig- &

naling mechanism controlled by said local circuit.

6. A receiving system for radiant energy, comprising a circuit responsive to high frequency radiant oscillations of substantially constant amplitude, a telephonic receiver controlled by said circuit and arranged to be actuated by and in accordance with variations corresponding to sound Waves in the amplitude of the currents set up by the said waves 01' constant amplitude in said circuit, a second circuit, controlling means for said second circuit controlled by said first-mentioned circuit and unresponsive to currents set up in said first-mentioned circuit by said electro-radiant oscillations of constant amplitude but responsive tocurrents set up in said first-mentioned circuit as the result of said variations, and signaling mechanism controlled by said second-mentioned circuit.

7. The combination With a transmitting station for emitting continuous Waves, including telephone means for varying the amplitude ot' the Waves, oI a receiving station tuned to respond to the Waves and includ ing a local circuit, electromagnetic means in cluded in the local circuit unresponsive to Waves of constant amplitude but responsive to Waves of different amplitude to produce a signal.

8. In a system of communication by radiant energy, marginal means constructed to respond to variations in amplitude oi the radiant energy to produce a definite signal.

9.1n a system of communication by radiant energy, the combination with a transmitter for emitting Waves of constant amplitude including telephonic means for changing their amplitude, of a receiving station including a marginal device constructed to respond only to Waves of one amplitude.

Signed at Gloucester, in the county of Essex and State 0' Massachusetts this 9th day of April, A. D. 1920.

JOHN HAYS HAMMOND, JR. 

